An Analysis of Conflict Induced displacement in Burkina Faso from the Lens of IEP's Positive Peace Framework

By M. Nuri Shakoor, Global Security Analyst
Researcher for IOSI Global Security
IEP Ambassador 2022 Cohort

Photo credit:  (VOA/Lamine Traoré) 2019 photograph of a displacement camp in Burkina Faso.

 

Conflict Induced Displacement

Conflict-induced displacement in Burkina Faso has reached alarming levels, with thousands of people forced to flee their homes due to escalating violence and insecurity. This displacement is primarily driven by clashes between non-state armed groups and government forces, along with intercommunal violence. The impact on civilians is severe, as they are uprooted from their communities, separated from their livelihoods, and face significant risks to their safety and well-being.

Displaced populations often experience a range of challenges, including limited access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and clean water. The lack of adequate shelter and sanitation facilities further exacerbates the vulnerability of displaced individuals, particularly women, children, and the elderly. Furthermore, displacement disrupts social networks and community cohesion, making it difficult for individuals to rebuild their lives and fostering a sense of uncertainty about the future.

Addressing conflict-induced displacement requires a comprehensive approach that integrates the principles of IEP's Positive Peace Framework. Firstly, there is a need for improved governance and security measures to protect civilians and prevent further displacement. Strengthening state institutions, ensuring the rule of law, and holding perpetrators accountable for human rights abuses are crucial steps in this regard. Additionally, efforts should be made to address the root causes of grievances, such as socio-economic inequalities and marginalization, through equitable resource distribution and inclusive development programs.

African children with donated school supplies by DevAfrica is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Promoting social cohesion and reconciliation among different communities is also vital. This involves fostering dialogue, trust-building, and promoting respect for diversity. Providing essential services, including healthcare and education, in areas affected by displacement is essential for restoring a sense of normalcy and stability. Finally, supporting the safe and dignified return or resettlement of displaced populations, while addressing the underlying drivers of conflict, can contribute to long-term peace and stability in Burkina Faso.

By embracing the principles of the Positive Peace Framework, Burkina Faso can work towards sustainable solutions that address the needs of displaced populations, promote peacebuilding, and mitigate the impacts of conflict-induced displacement on vulnerable communities.

The Civilian Militia Factor

The Government's reliance on civilian militias to combat non-state armed groups in the Sahel region of Africa has had significant negative impacts on civilians, highlighting weak governance and its consequences. These militias, often inadequately trained and poorly regulated, can exacerbate the already dire situation faced by local populations. The use of these militias has led to forced displacement of communities, as clashes between armed groups and militias intensify. Civilians become caught in the crossfire, facing heightened insecurity and a loss of their homes and livelihoods. Additionally, the poorly trained militias may resort to human rights abuses, including forced recruitment, arbitrary arrests, and extrajudicial killings, further victimizing the very population they are meant to protect.

To address the problems caused by poorly trained civilian militias, the Positive Peace Framework can provide valuable guidance. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of well-functioning government institutions. Strengthening governance structures can ensure proper oversight and accountability for the actions of militias, preventing human rights abuses and holding perpetrators accountable. Secondly, the framework underscores the need for equitable distribution of resources and acceptance of the rights of others. By addressing socio-economic disparities and promoting inclusivity, governments can address the root causes of grievances that fuel the recruitment of militias. Providing opportunities for education, skill development, and economic empowerment can offer alternatives to individuals susceptible to joining militias. Finally, fostering good relations with neighboring countries and promoting the free flow of information can facilitate cooperation in addressing the challenges posed by non-state armed groups, reducing the reliance on unregulated militias.

CONFLICT INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN BURKINA FASO FROM AN IEP POSITIVE PEACE AMBASSADOR LENS by ARAC International is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.